Engineering An Essential Pillar For Industrial And...

Engineering has always been an essential pillar for industrial and technical development. Engineering is what keeps our people moving and up-to-date with technology. It is a satisfying career, both financially and mentally. The objective of this assignment is to interview a practicing Engineer who has worked or is working in the area of project management. This assignment provides a glance for future engineers into the daily routine of a professional and experienced Engineer, and the approach he/she pursued in order to arrive at the position they presently occupy. I recently interviewed Saeed Salim, a project manager at Al Barrak Electrical Contracting Company, located in United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi. Saeed is my dad’s friend. On†¦show more content†¦He was supervising the installation of overhead lines and high voltage substations. Everything was new for him, and he had to adapt to the various changes he encountered in U.A.E. After ten years of working in the Water and Electricity department, Saeed received another job offer in a private company named AL Barrak Electrical Contracting Company, where he was offered a project manager position, which is his current position as well. He was more comfortable working with the second company, as this opportunity allowed him to combine the technical aspects of a position with management duties. Working in Al Barrak, he is capable of designing, maintaining and developing electrical control systems and components to certain specifications, concentrating on economy, quality, and sustainability. He is involved in projects from the idea and detail of the specified design through to implementation, testing and handover. He is also involved in projects that require people in his field to work as a team. The team would usually include engineers from other specialist areas, as well as marketing staff, technicians and manufacturers. 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Data Warehouses Data Mining Free Essays

string(456) " data transformation and loading must describe the source data and any changes that were made to the data †¢ The meta-data associated with data management describes the data as it is stored in the warehouse †¢ The meta-data is required by the query manager to generate appropriate queries, also is associated with the user of queries †¢ The major integration issue is how to synchronize the various types of meta-data use throughout the data warehouse\." DATA WAREHOUSES DATA MINING Term-Paper In Management Support System [pic] Submitted By:Submitted To: Chitransh NamanAnita Ma’am A22-JK903Lecturer 10900100MSS ABSTRACT :- Collection of integrated, subject-oriented, time-variant and non-volatile data in support of managements decision making process. Described as the â€Å"single point of truth†, the â€Å"corporate memory†, the sole historical register of virtually all transactions that occur in the life of an organization. A fundamental concept of a data warehouse is the distinction between data and information. We will write a custom essay sample on Data Warehouses Data Mining or any similar topic only for you Order Now Data is composed of observable and recordable facts that are often found in operational or transactional systems. At Rutgers, these systems include the registrar’s data on students (widely known as the SRDB), human resource and payroll databases, course scheduling data, and data on financial aid. In a data warehouse environment, data only comes to have value to end-users when it is organized and presented as information. Information is an integrated collection of facts and is used as the basis for decision-making. For example, an academic unit needs to have diachronic information about its extent of instructional output of its different faculty members to gauge if it is becoming more or less reliant on part-time faculty. [pic] INTRODUCTION :- â€Å"The data warehouse is always a physically separate store of data transformed from the application data found in the operational environment†. Data entering the data warehouse comes from operational environment in almost every case. Data warehousing provides architectures and tools for business executives to syste-matically organize ,understand ,and use their data to make stragetic decisions. A large number of organizations have found that data warehouse systems are valuable tools in today’s competive,fast-evolving world. In the last several years ,many firms have spent millions of dollars in building enterprise wide data warehouses. Many people feel that with competition mounting in every industry ,data warehousing is the latest must have marketing weapon –a way to keep customers by learning more about their needs. Data warehouses have been defined in many ways,making it difficult to formulate a rigorous definition. Loosely speaking , a data warehouse refers to a database that is maintened separately from an organization,s operational databases. Data warehouse systems allow for integration of a variety of applications systems . They support information processing by providing a solid platform of consolidated historical data for analysis. Data warehousing is a more formalised methodology of these techniques. For example, many sales analysis systems and executive information systems (EIS) get their data from summary files rather then operational transaction files. The method of using summary files instead of operational data is in essence what data warehousing is allabout. Some data warehousing tools neglect the importance of modelling and building a datawarehouse and focus on the storage and retrieval of data only. These tools might havestrong analytical facilities, but lack the qualities you need to build and maintain a corporatewide data warehouse. These tools belong on the PC rather than the host. Your corporate wide (or division wide) data warehouse needs to be scalable, secure, openand, above all, suitable for publication. NEED OF DATA WAREHOUSE :- Missing data: Decision support requires historical data which operational DBs do not typically maintain Data Consolidation: DS requires consolidation (aggregation, summarization) of data from heterogeneous sources: operational DBs, external sources Data quality: Different sources typically use inconsistent data representations, codes and formats which have to be reconciled. pic] DATA WAREHOUSE ARCHITECTURE :- [pic] Components :- †¢ OPERATIONAL DATA WAREHOUSE ( for the DW is supplied from mainframe operational data held in first generation hierarchical and network databases, departmental data held in proprietary file systems, private data held on workstaions and private serves and external systems such as the Internet, commercially available DB, or DB assoicated with and organ ization’s suppliers or customers †¢ OPERATIONAL DATABASE( is a repository of current and integrated operational data used for analysis. It is often structured and supplied with data in the same way as the data warehouse, but may in fact simply act as a staging area for data to be moved into the warehouse †¢ LOAD MANAGER ( also called the frontend component, it performance all the operations associated with the extraction and loading of data into the warehouse. These operations include simple transformations of the data to prepare the data for entry into the warehouse WAREHOUSE MANAGER ( performs all the operations associated with the management of the data in the warehouse. The operations performed by this component include analysis of data to ensure consistency, transformation and merging of source data, creation of indexes and views, generation of denormalizations and aggregations, and archiving and backing-up data. †¢ QUERY MANAGER( also called backend component, it performs all the operations associated with the management of user queries. The operations performed by this component include directing queries to the appropriate tables and scheduling the execution of queries. . END-USER ACCESS TOOLS( can be categorized into five main groups: data reporting and query tools, application development tools, executive information system (EIS) tools, online analytical processing (OLAP) tools, and data mining tools. DATA MART :- It is a subset of a data warehouse that supports the requirements of particular department or business function. The characteristics that differentiate data marts and data warehouses include: †¢ a data mart focuses on only the requirements of users associated with one department or business function †¢ as data marts contain less data compared with data warehouses, data marts are more easily understood and navigated †¢ data marts do not normally contain detailed operational data, unlike data warehouse. pic] META DATA:- Metadata is about controlling the quality of data entering the data stream. Batch processes can be run to address data degradation or changes to data policy. Metadata policies are enhance by using metadata repositories. IMPORTANCE OF META DATA :- The integration of meta-data, that is †data about data† †¢ Meta-data is used for a variety of purposes and the management of it is a critical issue in achieving a fully integrated data warehouse †¢ The major purpose of meta-data is to show the pathway back to where the data began, so that the warehouse administrators know the history of any item in the warehouse †¢ The meta-data associated with data transformation and loading must describe the source data and any changes that were made to the data †¢ The meta-data associated with data management describes the data as it is stored in the warehouse †¢ The meta-data is required by the query manager to generate appropriate queries, also is associated with the user of queries †¢ The major integration issue is how to synchronize the various types of meta-data use throughout the data warehouse. You read "Data Warehouses Data Mining" in category "Essay examples" The challenge is to synchronize meta-data between different products from different vendors using different meta-data stores †¢ Two major standards for meta-data and modeling in the areas of data warehousing and component-based development-MDC(Meta Data Coalition) and OMG(Object Management Group) †¢ a data warehouse requires tools to support the adm inistration and management of such complex enviroment. †¢ for the various types of meta-data and the day-to-day operations of the data warehouse, the administration and management tools must be capable of supporting those tasks: †¢ monitoring data loading from multiple sources data quality and integrity checks †¢ managing and updating meta-data †¢ monitoring database performance to ensure efficient query response times and resource utilization. [pic] [pic] DATA WAREHOUSING PROCESSES :- The process of extracting data from source systems and bring it into the data warehouse is commonly called ELT, which stands for extraction, transformation, and loading. In addition, after the data warehouse (detailed data) is created, several data warehousing processes that are relevant to implementing and using the data warehouse are needed, which include data summarization, data warehouse maintenance. Extraction in Data Warehouse :- Extraction is the operation of extracting data from a source system for future use in a data warehouseenvironment. This is the first step of the ETL process. After extraction, data can be transformed and loaded into the data warehouse. Extraction process does not need involve complex algebraic database operations, such as join and aggregate functions. Its focus is determining which data needs to be extracted, and bring the data into the data warehouse, specifically, to the staging area. The data has to be extracted normally not only once, but several times in a periodic manner to supply all changed data to the data warehouse and keep it up-to-date. Thus, data extraction is not only used in the process of building the data warehouse, but also in the process of maintaining the data warehouse. Every often, entire documents or tables from the data sources are extracted to the data warehouse or staging area, and the data completely contain whole information from the data sources. There are two kinds of logic extraction methods in data warehousing. Full Extraction :- The data is extracted completely from the data sources. As this extraction reflects all the data currently available on the data source, there is no need to keep track of changes to the data source since the last successful extraction. The source data will be provided as-is and no additional logic information is necessary on the source site. Incremental Extraction :- At a specific point in time, only the data that has changed since a well-defined event back in history will be extracted. The event may be the last time of extraction or a more complex business event like the last sale day of a fiscal period. This information can be either provided by the source data itself, or a change table where an appropriate additional mechanism keeps track of the changes besides the originating transaction. in most case, using the latter method means adding extraction logic to the data source. For the independence of data sources, many data warehouses do not use any change-capture technique as part of the extraction process, instead, use full extraction logic. After full extracting, the entire extracted data from the data sources can be compared with the previous extracted data to identify the changed data. Unfortunately, for many source systems, identifying the recently modified data may be difficult or intrusive to the operation of the data source. Change Data Capture is typically the most challenging technical issue in data extraction. [pic] DATA MINING :- Data Mining is the process of discovering new correlations, patterns, and trends by digging into (mining) large amounts of data stored in warehouses, using artificial intelligence, statistical and mathematical techniques. Data mining can also be defined as the process of extracting knowledge hidden from large volumes of raw data i. e. he nontrivial extraction of implicit, previously unknown, and potentially useful information from data. The alternative name of Data Mining is Knowledge discovery (mining) in databases (KDD), knowledge extraction, data/pattern analysis, etc. The importan ce of collecting data thai reflect your business or scientific activities to achieve competitive advantage is widely recognized now. Powerful systems for collecting data and managing it in large databases are in place in all large and mid-range companies. [pic] How Data Mining Works :- While large-scale information technology has been evolving separate transaction and analytical systems, data mining provides the link between the two. Data mining software analyzes relationships and patterns in stored transaction data based on open-ended user queries. Several types of analytical software are available: statistical, machine learning, and neural networks. Generally, any of four types of relationships are sought: Classes: Stored data is used to locate data in predetermined groups. For example, a restaurant chain could mine customer purchase data to determine when customers visit and what they typically order. This information could be used to increase traffic by having daily specials. Clusters: Data items are grouped according to logical relationships or consumer preferences. For example, data can be mined to identify market segments or consumer affinities. Associations: Data can be mined to identify associations. The beer-diaper example is an example of associative mining. Sequential patterns: Data is mined to anticipate behavior patterns and trends. For example, an otitdoor equipment retailer could predict the likelihood of a backpack being purchased based on a consumer’s purchase of sleeping bags and hiking shoes. DATA MINING MODELS :- 1. Predictive Model Prediction a. determining how certain attributes will behave in the future Regression b. mapping of data item to real valued prediction variable Classification c. categorization of data based on combinations of attributes Time Series analysis xamining values of attributes with respect to time 2. Descriptive Model Clustering most closely data clubbed together into clusters Data Summarization extracting representative information about database Association Rules associativity defined between data items to form relationship Sequence Discovery it is used to determine sequential p atterns in data based on time sequence of action [pic] APPLICATIONS OF DATA WAREHOUSE :- Exploiting Data for Business Decisions The value of a decision support system depends on its ability to provide the decision-maker with relevant information that can be acted upon at an appropriate time. This means that the information needs to be: Applicable. The information must be current, pertinent to the field of interest and at the correct level of detail to highlight any potential issues or benefits. Conclusive. The information must be sufficient for the decision-maker to derive actions that will bring benefit to the organisation. Timely. The information must be available in a time frame that allows decisions to be effective. Decision Support through Data Warehousing One approach to creating a decision support system is to implement a data warehouse, which integrates existing sources of data with accessible data analysis techniques. An organisation’s data sources are typically departmental or functional databases that have evolved to service specific and localised requirements. Integrating such highly focussed resources for decision support at the enterprise level requires the addition of other functional capabilities: Fast query handling. Data sources are normally optimised for data storage and processing, not for their speed of response to queries. Increased data depth. Many business conclusions are based on the comparison of current data with historical data. Data sources are normally focussed on the present and so lack this depth. Business language support. The decision-maker will typically have a background in business or management, not in database programming. It is important that such a person can request information using words and not syntax. [pic] The proliferation of data warehouses is highlighted by the â€Å"customer loyalty† schemes that are now run by many leading retailers and airlines. These schemes illustrate the potential of the data warehouse for â€Å"micromarketing† and profitability calculations, but there are other applications of equal value, such as: Stock control Product category management Basket analysis Fraud analysis All of these applications offer a direct payback to the customer by facilitating the identification of areas that require attention. This payback, especially in the fields of fraud analysis and stock control, can be of high and immediate value. APPLICATIONS OF DATA MINING:- †¢ Banking: loan/credit card approval †¢ predict good customers based on old customers †¢ Customer relationship management: identify those who are likely to leave for a competitor. †¢ Targeted marketing: †¢ identify likely responders to promotions †¢ Fraud detection: telecommunica tions, financial transactions †¢ from an online stream of event identify fraudulent events †¢ Manufacturing and production: †¢ automatically adjust knobs when process parameter changes †¢ Medicine: disease outcome, effectiveness of treatments †¢ analyze patient disease history: find relationship between diseases †¢ Molecular/Pharmaceutical: †¢ identify new drugs †¢ Scientific data analysis: †¢ identify new galaxies by searching for sub clusters †¢ Web site/store design and promotion: find affinity of visitor to pages and modify layout. [pic] CONCLUSION :- What we are seeing is two-fold depending on the retailer’s strategy: 1) Most retailers build data warehouses to target specific markets and customer segments. They’re trying to know their customers. It all starts with CDI – customer data integration. By starting with CDI, the retailers can build the DW around the customer. 2) On the other side — there are retailers who have no idea who their customers are, or feel they don’t need to†¦. the world is their customer and low prices will keep the worldloyal. They use their data warehouse to control inventory and negotiate with suppliers. The future will bring real time data warehouse updates†¦with the ability to give the retailer an minute to minute view of what is going on in a retail location†¦and take action either manually or through a condition triggered by the data warehouse data†¦ The future belongs to those who: 1) Possess knowledge of the Customer and 2) Effectively use that knowledge†¦ REFERENCES :- 1. Mining interesting knowledge from weblogs: a survey – Federico Michele Facca, Pier Luca lanzi. http://software. techrepublic. com. com/abstract. aspx http://en. wikipedia. org/ http://msdn. microsoft. com/ Google Books Google Images Google Search www. seminarprojects. com Self ========================================================= How to cite Data Warehouses Data Mining, Essay examples

Watershed for Commonwealth Appropriation

Question: Discuss about the Watershed for Commonwealth Appropriation. Answer: Introduction: Bryan Pape who was a barrister and law lecturer was a plaintiff in this case representing himself. The case was in relation to the validity of Tax Bonus with respect to the Working Australian Act (No 2) 2009 as per the constitution. The legislation had the aim to provide up to $900 to tax payers who paid tax in one go. The case was decided by the high court on the 3rd day of April 2009. The plaintiff had challenged the provisions of the legislation based on the claim that the bonus provided through the legislation were not backed up the the powers of taxation according to the constitution and were actually a gift. Against the claim of the plaintiff it was argued by the defendant common wealth that the provisions of the legislation were backed up by Section 81 of the constitution, external affairs powers Section 51 (xxix), implied neighborhood power, trade and commerce power Section 51(i) and taxation power Section 51 (ii). Can the court grant relief to the plaintiff claimed by him in his statement of claim and writ of summons. The validity of the Tax Bonus Act because of its being backed by one or more implied or expressed sections of legislative powers with respect to the Australian constitution. The validity of the tax bonus which the plaintiff is eligible for with respect to appropriation under Subsection 83 and 81 of the Australian constitution On whom the burden of cost in relation to the special case should lie. With respect to the first and primary issue in relation to the case it was provided by the defendant commonwealth that the plaintiff in this case does not have adequate sufficient interest to provide arguments against the application of the Bonus Act against the other person. The submission of the defendant was rejected by all the members of the court. the court provided that the validity of the bonus pay would be binding in case of disputes which arise out of such payments in the future and if the tax bonus with respect to the plaintiff was invalid than the total tax bonus package should have been invalid. The court based on the fact that the legislation was as inseverable whole and the doctrine of president ruled that the plaintiff has the right to challenge all provisions of the legislation with respect to his complaint. The court ruled that the claim made by the plaintiff was a novel claim and in case he would succeed than it would be against his financial interest. Thus the cour t ruled that the answer to the first issue of the case is Yes. With respect to the second question in relation to constitutionality, appropriation powers with respect to Section 81 of the constitution provides that one consolidate revenue fund shall be formed with the moneys and revenue received or raised by the Executive government and shall be used according to the objectives of the commonwealth with respect to the liabilities and charges imposed by the constitution. It has further been provided by Section 83 of the constitution that the government is not allowed to take out any money from the commonwealth fund unless it has been sanctioned by a law. It had been argued by the commonwealth that it has been granted with powers to make legal provisions with respect to money through section 81. It was provided by commonwealth that according to section 83 purposes of the commonwealth meant the appropriate purpose as wished by the parliament and therefore the parliament had unlimited power to make laws in relation to money. The contention made by the defendant with respect to Section 81 of the constitution was rejected by the court. It was held by the court after analyzing the Section and the judgments of the previous courts on it that appropriation or spending powers were not consistent within their character. The analysis was done by the court not giving relevance to the other decisions of the court in relation to the section. The court ruled that money expenditure made by the commonwealth was required to be made either under executive powers of the common wealth or by provision in relation to the legislative power of the commonwealth. Thus, Section 81 and 83 do not support the money spent by the common wealth in this case. Under the executive powers the court held that the legislation in relation to the bonus was made within the powers of the parliament as it has been backed up by Section (XXXIX) of the constitution along with Section 61 dealing with executive powers. Therefore the answer to the second issue of the case was Yes. In Obiter, the majority of the judges ruled that the bonus act did not have enough evidence to be supported by taxation power. The next question before the court was the existence of appropriation. It has been provided by the plaintiff that the act was not valid under Section 83 of the Constitution. The court contrary to the claim provided that an appropriation by law existed. The decision was made by the court based on Section 16 of the Taxation Administration Act 1953. The court also considered section 3 of the Bonus Act according to which it could be made a taxation law. Concluding the finding the court ruled that section 81 and 83 themselves do not provide authority of expenditure instead they allow expenditure of government fund to be allowed by the parliament. Therefore the answer to the third issue was yes. The court in relation to the fourth issue ruled that both parties will bear their own cost. The decision of the court has changed the way in which powers provided by the constitution in relation to the commonwealth are interpreted. The decision is set to change the way in which the government works in relation to expenditure of government funds. The case has not been directly used in any other case yet but is provisions work as guidelines for judges to interpret the powers of the government. References Chordia, Shipra, Andrew Lynch, and George Williams. "Williams v. Commonwealth [No 2]-Commonwealth Executive Power and Spending after Williams [No 2]."Melb. UL Rev.39 (2015): 306. Chordia, Shipra, Andrew Lynch, and George Williams. "Williams v. Commonwealth: Commonwealth Executive Power and Australian Federalism."Melb. UL Rev.37 (2013): 189. Hemming, Andrew. "Williams v Commonwealth: Much Ado about Nothing."U. Queensland LJ33 (2014): 233. Hogg, Melissa, and Charles Lawson. "The Watershed for Commonwealth Appropriation and Spending after Pape and Williams?." (2014). Lynch, Andrew. "Commonwealth Spending After Williams (No 2): Has the New Dawn Risen?." (2015). Olds, Michael.The stream cannot rise above its source: The principle of responsible government informing a limit on the ambit of the Executive Power of the Commonwealth. Diss. Murdoch University, 2016. Twomey, Anne. "Post-Williams Expenditure-When Can the Commonwealth and States Spend Public Money without Parliamentary Authorisation."U. Queensland LJ33 (2014): 9.

Siemens Teamcenter

Executive Summary Efficiency is of critical importance in business operation. It is only through efficient operations that a business organization assures profits and value for customers money. In the course of trying to look for means of making work easier through improving working efficiency, many companies have found project management tools very useful.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Siemens Teamcenter specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These tools are intended to provide organizations with improved working efficiencies while maximizing production and business output. Project management tools also help towards bringing to manageable levels the overall cost of producing goods and services. One such project management tool that is becoming popular is the Teamcenter. Teamcenter is a software program hosted by Siemens that has proved very helpful when it comes to improving business performance. This report presen ts findings from a research carried out on the teamcenter as a new technology that improves business operational efficiency. The research focused on and thus the report highlights the strength and weakness of the teamcenter as a tool. Consequently, the report further looks into ways of dealing with the outlined weakness inherent in the teamcenter. In equal measure, the report highlights how the strengths of the teamcenter can be accentuated to accord an organization maximum benefit. From the research done, the teamcenter has not fared badly and in fact, it has gained enormous popularity with many clients. The ability of the program to help people working on the same project to collaborate is among the reason why Teamcenter has gained such support from many clients. The other quality popularizing the software is the potentiality of the program to integrate with other programs from other companies. Given the program’s compatibility with programs developed by other companies, it has proved to be very cost effective. Above all else, the critical attribute of the software is its ability to improve the working efficiency, which in turn improves business performance. This capacity has attracted many businesspersons to using the program. Those who have tried it greatly appreciate and many acclaim it as the perfect solution to business operations streamlining. Introduction Of late, the world has turned its attention to information and communication technology as a way of helping improve the working conditions and at the same time making work simpler. With the increasing interest in simplifying and integrating the business operations across the world, project management tools have come in handy for many business organizations. These tools are intended to provide organizations with improved working efficiencies, maximize productions and business productivity as well as bringing to manageable level the overall cost of producing goods and services.Advertising L ooking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Programs such as Microsoft projects Prowork Flow and Siemens Teamwork are some of the various programs that business organizations are using to improve their business operations. Different IT tools have different features and capacity. However, although the programs are different in the way they handle operations, the result is that they all organizations towards being able to achieve better results. Teamcenter is reputed for making work easier and consequently achieving better results in the organizations that deploy it. There are many ways in which teamcenter impacts on business operations. The most critical ones are as follows:- Individual and Team Productivity: Do More in Less Time Regardless of where an individual is operating from in the world, Teamcenter will always assist you to perform job in a better way (CIMdata, 2010).. With Teamcenter 8, which ac tually is the second most important release of the combined Teamcenter platform, one can access information speedily in the context he or she require it. Teamcenter equally offers live incorporation with Microsoft office, together with word, PowerPoint and access (CIMdata, 2010). It has been noted that this release of Teamcenter is an invention of many years of research as well as continuous improvements made to the Teamcenter Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) software (CIMdata, 2010). Application Productivity: Make the most of End-to-End PLM As discussed on CIMdata (2010), Teamcenter 8 comprises of hundreds of new features and assortments. Consequently, with Teamcenter 8, an individual is able to initiate new solutions for content and document administration. Teamcenter turns on the right submission when you require it (CIMdata, 2010). This capacity results from the Teamcenter’s incorporated structural design, which makes it ideal to drive any company’s application e fficiency. IT Based Advantage Teamcenter is project management tool that one can easily customize to suit organizational needs (CIMdata, 2010). This tool is useful for organizations that work on internet business platforms. It provides ways through which one can consolidated different internet sites into one manageable platform. Many improvements have been done to Teamcenter and thus making its usage a memorable experience among those who may happen to work on or with it (Cable, 2009). The current release by Teamcenter according to Cable (2009), just entails what many companies may appreciate, in recognition of enabling them meet the ever-increasing demand for efficiency and simplification of task in business operations. The improved efficiency should as well be understood to largely translate into reduced operation costs. With regard to Teamcenter 8, Cable (2009) notes that being the second most important release of the unified Teamcenter, the program has been a result of many year s of research.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Siemens Teamcenter specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many clients in the process have made a move from the older to the newer versions of Teamcenter. As per research done by Cable (2009), it was discovered that most clients were contended with smooth transition from the older to the newer version. The company was equally found to be using high quality technology in all their releases, an attribute that made its products such appealing. According to Europa Science (2011), Teamcenter products such as Express Version 5.3 contentedly combine with Microsoft products as well as Adobe acrobat Software. This proves that the Teamcenter can equally be used together with products from other companies that they may work together and hence reduce the extra cost incurred in purchasing different equipments. Currently Siemens PLM has released Teamcenter mobility, which is a mobile connection tool for use with products from other companies; for example, the tool enables use with products such as the Apple iPod (CIMdata, 2010). The tool is available promptly at no cost and in paid version, with the free version having more features but permitting admission only to a section Teamcenter installation hosted by Siemens (CIMdata, 2010). This release has made Siemens appear to lead the way in showing how much can be attained with production lifecycle management technology (Newton, 2011). Newton (2011), shows that Teamcenter Mobility has many revolutionary features and thus by using Teamcenter, clients are able to augment efficiency and cut down on cost. Gourlay (2009) explains some main features of Teamcenter and highlights how it incorporate with other accessible programs used for the same rationale of improving work effectiveness. Gourlay (2009) goes further to provide a designation for Teamcenter noting that it’s a production lifecycle management (PLM) soft ware that has been developed to permit better performance. The use of this software according to the author will lead to great reduction in operation costs because effectiveness in operation will be emphasized. Levine (2009), on the other hand, comes up with another definition of Teamcenter, where he describe it as a management device that can be functional in any assortment of work circumstances to realize improved output from a team of collaborators. The author further notes that managers too can make use of this tool to ease business processes as well as improving the level of competence and efficiency. Being a powerful tool, the software can be used by anyone who may wish to have all business connected information in one place and thus considered suitable for big and well-established business.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The release of Teamcenter 2007 heralded development of some key features that were not initially included in the previous versions (Siemens, 2008). Other key design functionalities highlighted by Siemens include, preparation for necessities as well as for the implementation of development management assignment. SlideShare (2011) highlights the main features of Teamcenter that can assist to make better the aspect of collaboration. This is owing to the fact that Teamcenter can be used to give assurance of better collaboration amongst team members working on the same project. There is also the mention of how Teamcenter as a program can be used together with other available software for improved efficiency and better output. World chief Mechanical seals experts AESSEAL have honored a contract to Majenta PLM the foremost Siemens Industry software business associate in Europe (TenLinks, 2011). The contract is intended to make available and put into practice multi –site license of t he Siemens Teamcenter product lifecycle management (TenLinks, 2011). Ultimately, Teamcenter will be used to run all product-connected information across all AESSEAL sites around the globe. AESSEAL membership agrees that there is no better project cycle management tool than Teamcenter. They had already implemented other systems but having learnt about Teamcenter, they concede that it offers a more comprehensive platform, which best supports global business operations (TenLinks, 2011). This management system is intended to reduce the cost of operating business. AESSEAL established Teamcenter as the best management system, which had the capability of enabling AESSEAL to unite and integrate product information and business development within a combined IT environment that is accessible to all, no matter where they are actually situated within the AESSEAL community (TenLinks, 2011). Among the reimbursements that AESSEAL anticipates achieving from the execution of Teamcenter are reduced p roduct developments and enhanced cost control. The objects are achievable through superior and easier admittance to state-of-the-art product information and through rationalized product development and business progression (TenLinks, 2011). Information Analysis From the above information, some conclusive analysis of the finding can be carried out. It is without doubt that Teamcenter has had quite a success in delivering what was expected. From the original goal of cutting the operation cost to improving the business performance, the program has been quite successful. Similarly, the program has attracted quite a lot of interest from managers of well-established business organization and ordinary persons. This is because the program has been found to fulfill the need of each particular client that intended to acquire the services of the program. The managers for example can obtain business related information from one place while using the Teamcenter; while a common person can as well integrate the program with Apple I pad and correspondingly enjoy the services he wishes to get. Another inference that can be derived from the research findings is that Siemens uses high quality technology to come up with the program. This is attributed to the fact that the program comfortably integrates with other programs made by different companies but which likewise perform the same task. Such programs are the Microsoft work, prowork flow, among others (Microsoft Corporation, 2010). This clearly gives the impression that the program is quite effective in cutting down the operation cost as this act of integrating with other programs simply implies that one will not be required to have an extra equipment to enjoy the same service. On the other hand, there are still some improvements that the company is required to come up with in order to cut a big share of the market. These improvements may not be instantaneous but may in the end be of much assistance to the company. Through ext ensive research this improvements are very possible to achieve. Recommendations From the report information provided above there are a number of recommendations that one can propose to the management of Siemens. First, Siemens as a company needs to creatively generate ways of taking advantage of the high demand of Teamcenter in order to boost it revenue through increased sales of the program to the people. Creative marketing to the product could help make it accessible and demanded by more individual across the globe. Therefore, it is recommendable that teamcenter is marketed in order to increase its demand and ultimately raise the revenue of the company. Finally, the program is supposed to be made using the state –of –art technology, which will make it more compatible with many other programs from other companies and in the process increase its demand and consequently its revenue potential. Conclusion This report presents findings on Teamcenter, which is project manag ement software. Like many other project management tools, Teamcenter helps simplify business operations. Additionally, the software by simplifying operations thus improving efficiently, it helps towards cutting down the cost of operations. From findings presented in this report, it is obvious that Teamcenter has had success in the market. Reference List Cable, J. (2009). Teamcenter 8 Aims to Drive PLM Productivity. New York: Penton Media, Inc. Retrieved from http://www.industryweek.com/articles/teamcenter_8_aims_to_drive_plm_produc tivity_19589.aspx?ShowAll=1SectionID=4. CIMdata. (2010). Teamcenter â€Å"Unified†: Siemens PLM Software’s Next Generation PLM Platform – A New White Paper from CIMdata. Michigan: CIMdata, Inc. Retrieved from: http://www.cimdata.com/news_events/press_release.html?press_release_ID=6 Europa Science. (2011). Teamcenter Express V5.3. UK: Europa Science. Retrieved from: http://www.scientific- computing.com/products/product_details.php?pr oduct_id=945. Gourlay, J. (2009). Siemens PLM Launches Teamcenter 8, Tecnomatix 9, Joins IBM in Offering PLM Solution. New Hampshire: Desktop Engineering. Retrieved from http://www.deskeng.com/articles/aaarnm.htm. Levine, R. R. (2009) Review of Siemens Teamcenter. New York: Bright Hub Inc. Retrieved from: http://www.brighthub.com/office/project- management/reviews/15495.aspx. Microsoft Corporation. (2010). High Availability Options for Siemens Teamcenter on SQL Server. Redmond, WA USA: Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved from: http://download.microsoft.com/download/6/D/A/6DAFDB58-8198- 49F3-B44F 67036C436567/High%20Availability%20Options%20for%20TeamCenter%20with %20SQL%20Server.pdf. Newton, R. (2011). Siemens PLM launches Teamcenter Mobility for iPad. Vancouver: Graphics peak. Retrieved from : http://gfxspeak.com/2011/04/05/siemens-plm-launches-teamcenter-mobility-for- ipad/. Siemens. (2008). Teamcenter Review by Desktop Engineering Lauds â€Å"Bulletproof PLM†. Plano, New Yor k: Siemens PLM Software. Retrieved from: http://www.imakenews.com/ugscorp/e_article001068745.cfm?x=b11,0,w. SlideShare. (2011). Siemens Teamcenter Express software – Presentation Transcript. Detroit: SlideShare Inc. Retrieved from: http://www.slideshare.net/guest8371da27d/siemens-teamcenter-express. TenLinks. (2011). Majenta Gets Siemens Teamcenter to UK’s AESSEAL. Novato, CA: TenLinks, Inc. Retrieved from: http://www.tenlinks.com/news/PR/MajentaPLM/040411_AESSEAL.htm. This report on Siemens Teamcenter was written and submitted by user Frankenstein'sMonster to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Agamemnon and Beowulf essays

Agamemnon and Beowulf essays We should point out from the very beginning that both Agamemnon and Beowulf, as literary works are marked throughout the text by the powerful, decisive personality of the two main characters. In this sense, deciding whether it is one or the other that is a better guide for living will need to partially relate to whether one or the other of the two characters has a better perspective of life, a better approach in finding solutions to the problems that may arise in his path and a better vision of the future actions. Aeschyluss play presents an obviously tragic setting. We are first of all confused by the extreme cautiousness that Agamemnon is walking with in his own home. Obviously, the playwright is working with all characters and all lines in order to emphasize this feeling of non-trust that is present in the palace. Starting with Clytemnestra, all characters seem to be a part of a ploy against the returning and to plot schemes in order to bring his downfall. Obviously, the entire sentiment that is built in the first acts is justified: Clytemnestra murders Agamemnon in the bathtub and Aegisthus, the queens lover can take part of the merits for the murders. Aeschyluss play, just as the main character, Agamemnon, draws a very bleak perspective and approach to life. The playwright creates an environment of distrust and extreme precautions to be taken even into your own home. Additionally, the tragic dimension of life is opened here, the futility of all things. If we think, for example, of the fact that Agamemnon was in fact a glorious victor and defeater of Troy, we might believe that the way he is received back at home is tragic if it would have happened in everyday life. Indeed, in life, you usually expect to receive all merits for a success, while in is play, success is paid for with murder, dishonesty and treachery. A last thing we should relate from the play and character ...

Informacin detallada sobre el examen de ciudadana

Informacin detallada sobre el examen de ciudadana El examen de la ciudadanà ­a es el tercer paso paso convertirse en ciudadano estadounidense. Se inicia el proceso con el envà ­o al Servicio de Naturalizacià ³n e Inmigracià ³n (USCIS, siglas en inglà ©s) del formulario N-400 y el pago de las tasas correspondientes. En aproximadamente uno o dos meses, se recibe una cita para realizar las pruebas biomà ©tricas. Y unos cinco meses despuà ©s de haber iniciado el proceso, se cita al inmigrante para un examen. Entrevista para el examen para la naturalizacià ³n Se mantendr una conversacià ³n en inglà ©s con un oficial de inmigracià ³n sobre la aplicacià ³n enviada.Se recomienda llegar con tiempo a la entrevista. Al ser en un edificio federal, habr seguridad a la entrada y el proceso puede demorarse bastante tiempo. Si no puedes acudir a la cita con Inmigracià ³n por una causa grave, puedes intentar cambiar el dà ­a. Examen de inglà ©s El examen de ciudadanà ­a sobre conocimientos de inglà ©s tiene tres partes. La primera consiste en hablar en ese idioma con el oficial de inmigracià ³n que est manejando el caso. Es una conversacià ³n sencilla y el inglà ©s no tiene que ser perfecto, pero debe reconocerse como inglà ©s y ser suficiente como para comunicarse. En la segunda parte hay que demostrar que se puede leer en inglà ©s. Al inmigrante se le presenta un prrafo con tres frases en inglà ©s y debe ser capaz de leer al menos una. Cada frase es aproximadamente una là ­nea de larga. En la tercera parte, el oficial dictar una frase en inglà ©s que repetir hasta tres veces. Ejemplos reales son I love New York y America is the land of the free. Si el inmigrante no la escribe correctamente, se le dictarn dos frases ms. Si no es capaz de escribir correctamente ninguna de ellas, reprobar esta prueba. Se puede practicar este examen con ejemplos preparados por el USCIS o asistiendo a clases gratuitas para el examen de naturalizacià ³n que impartes diversas organizaciones en todo Estados Unidos. Existen dos excepciones a la obligacià ³n de hacer esta prueba. En primer lugar, estar exentas las personas que no està ©n en condiciones de realizar esta prueba por cuestiones de discapacidad fà ­sica o mental. Para beneficiarse de la excepcià ³n, estas personas debern presentar el formulario N-648 debidamente cumplimentado por un mà ©dico. En segundo lugar, si se reà ºnen los requisitos, no es necesario rendir el examen de inglà ©s y es posible responder en espaà ±ol a las preguntas sobre conocimientos cà ­vicos. Examen de ciudadanà ­a de conocimientos cà ­vicos Se trata de demostrar que el aspirante a ciudadano conoce mà ­nimamente la historia y la estructura polà ­tica de Estados Unidos. El USCIS ha confeccionado una lista de cien preguntas y el oficial de inmigracià ³n puede elegir diez de ellas y preguntrselas al inmigrante, quien deber contestar en inglà ©s correctamente un mà ­nimo de seis para pasar la prueba. Existen excepciones que pueden consultarse en el enlace anterior en el que se explica que no es necesario rendir el examen de inglà ©s. Ejemplo de pregunta tà ­pica del examen de ciudadanà ­a es: ¿cul es la capital del estado en el que vive? (Hay 50 posibles respuestas, depende de donde viva el inmigrante. Por ejemplo, en Nueva York la respuesta es Albany, en California es Sacramento y en Florida es Tallahassee. Esta es una pregunta donde los inmigrantes se equivocan frecuentemente ya que tienden a pensar que la ciudad ms grande del estado, como Ciudad de Nueva York, Los ngeles o Miami es la capital, y no siempre es asà ­. Una lista completa de las 100 preguntas y sus respuestas correctas puede ser consultada aquà ­. Recuerde que alguna de las preguntas puede tener varias respuestas vlidas. Lo mejor y recomendable es estudiar las respuestas preparadas por el USCIS y contestar una de ellas. Retrasos en la tramitacià ³n Si el USCIS se retrasa injustificadamente ms tiempo de lo que es habitual para este tipo de trmites entonces es posible demandar mediante un writ of madamus. Para ello es aconsejable siempre consultar con un abogado. Reprobar   Si no se pasa alguna de las tres pruebas -conversacià ³n, examen de inglà ©s o examen cà ­vico- el inmigrante tendr la oportunidad de intentarlo de nuevo, sà ³lo una vez ms, en un plazo mximo de tres meses. Denegacià ³n de la solicitud Si el rechazo fue porque la persona reprobà ³ el examen de inglà ©s o el de conocimientos cà ­vicos, una vez que crea que est preparado puede aplicar otra vez. Deber reiniciar todo el proceso desde cero, rellenando el formulario N-400, pagando las tasas y volviendo a realizar las pruebas biomà ©tricas de fotos y huellas digitales. Tips La entrevista y el examen en una sede del USCIS son frecuentemente grabados en una cmara de video. Eso quiere decir que siempre hay rà ©cord de las respuestas. Nunca se recomienda mentir a un oficial de inmigracià ³n, pero especialmente en estos casos. Ya que una mentira, de la que queda prueba grabada, podrà ­a anular en el futuro todo el proceso de naturalizacià ³n. Una vez finalizada la entrevista el inmigrante recibir un papel. En unas pocas ocasiones ya se le confirma que ha pasado el examen y que todo est listo para el juramento de la ciudadanà ­a. Pero lo ms frecuente es que simplemente diga que recibir por correo una respuesta. Si cambia de domicilio, recuerde que es su obligacià ³n notificarlo al USCIS. Es muy importante durante el proceso de naturalizacià ³n que las comunicaciones se reciban a tiempo. En la mayorà ­a de los casos en un plazo inferior a un mes se recibir una cita para ir a jurar. Ese papel contiene una serie de preguntas como si se ha salido del paà ­s desde la entrevista en Inmigracià ³n, si ha cambiado el estado civil por matrimonio, viudez o divorcio, si se ha cambiado el nombre o si se ha cometido algà ºn delito. Deber cumplimentarse y es muy importante llevarlo el dà ­a del juramento para convertirse en ciudadano. Una vez que se jura lealtad y fidelidad a los Estados Unidos se recibir un certificado de Naturalizacià ³n que no se puede ni enmarcar ni grapar y ya se puede solicitar por primera vez el pasaporte de EEUU. A partir del momento de la naturalizacià ³n el nuevo ciudadano nunca podr utilizar el pasaporte del paà ­s en el que nacià ³ para entrar o salir de Estados Unidos. Est absolutamente prohibido. Asimismo, a partir de momento en que se convierte en ciudadano puede registrarse para votar inmediatamente, sin tener que esperar a solicitar el pasaporte estadounidense. Por à ºltimo, cabe destacar que cuando una persona se convierte en ciudadano, automticamente convierte en ciudadanos a sus hijos residentes permanentes menores de 18 aà ±os que viven con à ©l o ella. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Cost Accounting and the objectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cost Accounting and the objectives - Essay Example Relevant revenues/costs show future costs/revenues that will change by the decision taken while irrelevant costs/revenues are not affected by the decision. Inclusion of both quantitative and qualitative data ensures that an informed decision is made. This is because it ensures that all factors are taken into consideration. Short run pricing decisions has a less than one year time horizon while long-run pricing decisions have a year or longer time horizon. Example of short-run pricing decision is pricing a one-time only special order or adjusting output volume and product mix. A long run pricing decision includes pricing of a product in a major market where there is some leeway in price setting. Target pricing refers to an estimated price for a good or a service that prospective buyers will be willing to pay. The balanced scorecard is a strategic planning as well as management technique used by organizations in aligning the performance of an organization to its objectives and vision. It has four perspectives namely, financial perspective, customer perspective, learning and growth perspective and business process perspective. Financial perspective learning and growth perspective measures employee retention, knowledge management and employee satisfaction. Business process perspective measures costs and quality of business processes. Customer perspective requires that customers be satisfied, retained to increase the company market share. Financial perspective advocates timely and accurate financial data. A cost pool refers to a grouping of individual expenses or costs, regularly by division or a service center. It is from such cost pool that allocation of costs is made. For instance, the maintenance department cost is accumulated in a cost pool before allocated to the departments that use its services. Cost pools are normally utilized for the production

Bethoven and Joseph Haydn's relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bethoven and Joseph Haydn's relationship - Essay Example Their relationship is said to have become sour and started to decline due to Haydn’s insistence that Beethoven mentions him as his student in one of his composition. Beethoven had a temper and was impatient and this only added to declining their relationship even further than it already was. The success of Haydn’s musical career became a source of envy for Beethoven. All in all, Haydn taught Beethoven very greatly and he contributed greatly to the success of Beethoven’s musical career despite their constant fall out. His constant absence also taught Beethoven to be independent and be confident of his own compositions based on the lessons he had and was receiving from Haydn. In spite of the sour relationship between the student and the tutor, they maintained a cordial relationship and Beethoven also kept in touch with his tutor way after he had stopped becoming his student and it continued that way till Haydn passed away. Haydn also admired his student’s determination and success and was proud of what he had achieved under the numerous tutors including him (Schindler and MacArdle,

The Necessity of ObamaCare in the United States Essay Example for Free

The Necessity of ObamaCare in the United States Essay The United States is heavily watched around the world in terms of politics or any other action as it is one of the leading countries of the world. Recently, the United States caught the eye of the world in its recent debate of the health care reform. Most commonly referred to as â€Å"ObamaCare† the official name is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) or for short, the Affordable Care Act (ACA). President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010 signed the Affordability Care Act into law to reform the health care industry and it was later upheld by the supreme court on June 28th, 2012. â€Å"The goal of ObamaCare is to give more Americans access to affordable, quality health insurance, and to reduce the growth in health care spending in the U. S. † (ObamaCare Facts n. d). The debate is centred around the Republican Partys actions of trying to stop the implementation of this law. However, I believe the Republican Party has no right to prevent the implementation of the health care reform in the United States as it undermines â€Å"the three elements of democracy – liberty, equality and solidarity† (Brodie,Rein;Smith p. 36). It does this as it is withholding affordable healthcare of the expansion of Medicaid and Medicare and offering cost assistance through healthcare insurance marketplaces to around 44 million Americans who are unable to get health insurance with the majority of uninsured being poor working families and those who simply cannot afford health insurance. Therefore, going against democracys free form of always including those not yet involved (Brodie,ReinSmith p. 38) which therefore directly mocks the idea of solidarity and its sense of belonging or acceptance. In order to fully grasp the concept of the argument a few key terms needs to be defined. â€Å"Democracy is any form of government in which the rules of society are decided by the people who will be bound by them† (Brodie,ReinSmith p. 32). Equality is a term conveying the idea that all citizens should have the same access to the political sphere, the rule of and social entitlements. Solidarity is a term that refers to a kind of membership in the political community, and feelings of belonging associated with the acceptance by that community. The healthcare reform gives us a chance to rethink equality via solidarity where it is an equality of opportunity instead of equality of chance where everyone is granted the opportunity and are able to have health insurance via the Affordable Care Act. The sense of solidarity is therefore highlighted in the benefits of ObamaCare. The benefits of ObamaCare definitely outweigh the cons without a doubt. Before the law you could be denied coverage or treatment because you had been sick in the past, be charged more because you were a woman, be dropped mid-treatment for making a simple mistake on your application, and had little or no way to fight insurance company appeals. Today all Americans have access to a large number of unprecedented new benefits, rights and protections. The major ones outlined by the healthcare reform are there are many of uninsured persons who will get access to affordable quality health insurance through the marketplace, thus 82% of uninsured adults will qualify for free or low cost insurance. Insurance companies are not allowed to dismiss you when you are sick or if you make a mistake on your application. Neither can you be denied coverage or charged more for pre-existing conditions such as being sick. Another benefit is that young adults are able to stay on their parents plan until the age of 26. Also there is better care and protections for seniors and â€Å"essential health benefits like emergency care, hospitalization,prescription drugs, and maternity and newborn care must be included on all non-grandfathered plans at no out-of-pocket limit† (ObamaCare Facts n. d). Additionally, you cannot be charged more based on health or gender. ObamaCare helps to curb the growth in healthcare spending with reforms to the health industry to cut wasteful spending. Seeing all of these benefits, it shows the irrationality of Republicans refusal of the healthcare reform as these provisions encompass solidarity in terms of those who were unable to have health insurance will be able to which brings out the equality of opportunity and linking to solidarity, are now able to have a sense of membership into the political and healthcare community as they are now able to enjoy the benefits of healthcare as the majority did before. After all, everyone deserves the right to healthcare. However, the Republicans knowing what the Affordability Act entailed did as much as they could to refute it and thus caused the United States to become the focus of the world because of the government shutdown due to their actions. One of the Republicans many attempts to refute ObamaCare ended up in a shutdown of the United States government beginning from October 1st, 2013 and it lasted up to 2 weeks. It was time for the spending bills to be passed and the Republicans insisted any new spending bill include provisions to hinder ObamaCare. They therefore, passed two spending bill amendments, one that would delay ObamaCare for a year and one that would repeal the ObamaCares medical device tax. However, the health care law isnt directly tied to funding the government, but its being used as a bargaining chip. The Senate rejected this proposal, which prompted the House to approve another spending plan that would remove the Obamacare individual mandate. The Senate rejected that as well thus resulting in the government shutdown. It should be noted that , â€Å"democracy privileges solidarity over ego† (Brodie,Rein;Smith p. 41) and the Republicans actions stemmed from their ego thus there is no justification for their actions. Furthermore, the article â€Å" Health Reform 2010: The Missing Philosophical Premises in the Long- Running Health Care Debate† by Theodore R. Marmor, puts forth a comparison of the healthcare systems of Germany, Canada, England, Japan, and France to the United States. â€Å"Each, as distinct from the United States, has created a universal health care program fundamentally based on the idea that medical care is a merit, not a market good. The equal access standard does not, of course, mean ideal practice, but care is more equally distributed as a result† (Marmor p. 569). This is now what ObamaCare seeks to do by imposing on the health care system that is seen to be run by private-profit companies, whose bottom line is money and not health. This idea of medical care being a â€Å"merit† and having more equally distributed care are two factors entailed in ObamaCare. This is where the elements of democracy freedom, equality and solidarity once again come into play. Healthcare becoming more equally distributed directly deals with equality which is directly linked to solidarity and the sense of belonging or acceptance as those previously without healthcare are now in the mix. Consequently, I have shown that the Republicans would like to see ObamaCare repealed. If it is repealed then millions of Americans will be without proper health coverage, and insurance companies will continue to be able to deny coverage for pre-existing conditions. Without healthcare reform America will continue to suffer the consequences of a health care system controlled by private for-profit companies, whose bottom line is money and not health. Debates in the US press detract from the fact that healthcare is about shared humanity and solidarity, not ideology. The Republicans actions are not justified as it is seen to be stemmed from ego while the Affordability Care Act with its many benefits encompass the idea of the elements of democracy – freedom, equality and solidarity.

My Writing :: Writing Composition Education Essays

My Writing When I look at myself as a writer, I never knew I could write like this. From grade school to high school I never really looked at myself as a really good writer. I doubted myself whenever a teacher said, â€Å"We are beginning another big paper.† I feared writing and never really gave my writing any thought. However, as I got into college, I knew I would be assigned numerous amounts of papers. As I walked in to the English classroom the very first day of college I was scared. I thought I wouldn’t get anywhere because I thought I couldn’t write anything. Giving much thought into the whole writing process and having many people behind me is when I knew I could write something. As my writing developed many signs of weaknesses and strengths showed through. I have many weaknesses as a writer. One weakness in particular would be that I have writer's block. I will be able to begin a paper but never really know where to go with it. When I am writing I tend to get blocked with words to say. I don’t want to not sound academic so I have to sit for a while at my computer and think of words to say. Another weakness I feel I have is that I waste time. I tend to just sit at my computer screen and feel lost. That is a waste of time for me. I need to find a way where I can just sit at my computer and write an entire paper at one time and then revise it. One other weakness I tend to have is that I never get my resources on time. I have a tendency to just get resources off line and never make a trip to the library. But now that I am in college I know I have to make many trips to the library. Aside from the weaknesses that I tend to have, there are a few strengths I am apt to be good at.

Forced Sterilization

Markeisha A. Knott History of Medicine in the U. S. – Class 421 Forced Sterilization Throughout history there have always been circumstances where the government has required citizens to undergo some sort of medical procedure. Even though some of these procedures were commonplace in the past, they are now considered ethically wrong. Forced sterilization is an example of this, because it denies a woman of the ability to bare children, and denies a man the ability to inseminate.Sterilization is defined as ‘the act of making an organism barren or infertile (unable to reproduce)’. When most people hear the words ‘forced sterilization’ the first thing that often comes to mind are the Nazis. In the 1930’s the Nazis introduced a massive, compulsory sterilization of a large segment of the German population (Rosenberg, Jennifer). The government believed that the Germans with the best genes had been killed off in the Second World War, while those with th e worse genes stayed behind and didn’t fight, and were then free to procreate more of their ‘bad genes’.Believing that that the preservation of the optimal German genes were more important that an individual’s rights, the government had the authority to do whatever it took to preserve these optimal genes. However, Germany was not the first country to perform forced sterilization (Rosenberg, Jennifer). Even though in the United States we tend to overlook this as something that did not happen, it did. It is part of our past, and will always be part of American history.During the 1900’s the United States had a eugenics program in which the purpose was to attempt to perfect the gene pool, with the idea that if society’s degenerates, like criminals and the mentally ill were barred from having children then society’s problems would disappear (Webster University). American biologists like Charles B. Davenport and Harry H. Laughlin supported t he idea of keeping the Anglo-American race pure. Their belief was that most ailments and social problems were hereditary, like poverty and criminality (Piotrowski, Crista). Therefore, people with ‘good enes’ should be encouraged to pass on their genes by having more children, while those with ‘bad genes’ should be barred from reproducing. There were many types of people who fell under the label of being genetically inferior. This included epileptics, manic-depressives, prostitutes, alcoholics, the homeless, and criminals. People who fell under any one of these categories or who caught the negative attention of authorities were deemed ‘feeble-minded’ by the court, and were legally forced to undergo sterilization (Piotrowski, Crista). Several other countries used forced sterilization as well, though for different reasons.Peru, for example, was faced with a large population jump and not enough resources to support all the people. So they came up w ith a solution: making a target number of the amount of people to e sterilized every year, which would effectively lower the population if the plan worked. n 1996, it was 100,000. It was not met that year, but the target for the next year was increased to 130,000 and in that year, the quota was met. Even though sterilization can be performed on both men and women, it is mostly women who are victims of forced sterilization since they are the one who actually have babies (Webster University).About 40 years ago in North Carolina, it wasn’t uncommon that a single mother on welfare, or a mental patient in a hospital to be forcibly and unknowingly sterilized against their will. Of course at the time, over half of all the states in the U. S. had eugenics laws well into the 1970’s (Rose, Julie). North Carolina is currently thinking of compensating the victims of forced sterilization, most of whom were poor and uneducated, blacks and whites alike. One woman, Elaine Riddick, now 57, was sterilized at age fourteen because the state deemed her promiscuous and a trouble maker.Riddick was actually a young girl living in poverty and hunger, and was a victim of rape. While giving birth through C-section to her only son, the product of said rape, the doctors also sterilized her. There was consent form on which Riddick’s illiterate grandmother signed the go-ahead for the procedure with an ‘X’. What’s worse is that Riddick didn’t find about her being sterile until she was married, 19, and trying to have more children. Riddick is just one of the many sharing the same story. Nearly 7,600 men and women as young as 10 have been sterilized in North Carolina.Social workers would coerce women to have the operation under threat of losing their public assistance, because sterilization was viewed as a way to cut spending on public welfare (Julie Rose). Forced sterilization is a procedure that violates several medical ethics, which is defined as a system of moral principles that apply values and judgments to the practice of  medicine (Wikipedia). This procedure violates three medical ethics: autonomy, beneficence, and non-maleficence. Every patient is given the right to choose or refuse treatment: the right of autonomy.However, forced sterilization doesn’t give the patient the chance or ability to make the decision themselves, because the government chooses for them. Beneficence explains that a doctor must always act on a treatment or procedure that is in the best interest of the patient. Sterilization wasn’t in any way in the best interest of the patients it was performed on. It was only in the best, selfish, interests of the government who wanted to keep the Anglo-American race ‘pure’ and eradicate social problems. Forced sterilization also violates non-maleficence, which simply translates to three words: Do No Harm.Many of the patients that were sterilized underwent the procedure without their own knowledge, not knowing of their barren status until years after when they began to question their failed attempts at having children. I am completely against this concept of the government forcing its citizens to do a medical procedure against their will, or performing it while the patient is unaware of it is beyond inconsiderate. It’s cruel, and plainly said, it’s downright shady. Works Cited â€Å"Medical Ethics. † Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Dec. 2010. Web. 22 Nov. 011. . Piotrowski, Crista. â€Å"Dark Chapter of American History: U. S. Court Battle Over Forced Sterilization. † Home | Common Dreams. Common Dreams, 21 July 2000. Web. 22 Nov. 2011. . Rosenberg, Jennifer. â€Å"Sterilization. † 20th Century History. About. Web. 19 Nov. 2011. . Rosenberg, Julie. â€Å"North Carolina Considers Compensating Forced Sterilization Victims : NPR. † NPR : National Public Radio : News & Analysis, World, US, Music & Arts : NPR. 22 June 2011. Web. 19 Nov. 2011. . â€Å"Women and Global Human Rights. † Webster University. Web. 19 Nov. 2011. .

Coffee and Tea Essay

Coffee and tea have existed in the world for a long time. Hundreds of years ago, people who lived in South America started to produce coffee, but the earliest drink likes coffee was made by ancient Arabian. They thought it was a kind of medicine used for stomach. After the 15th century, coffee was spread to other countries such as Egypt and Ottoman Empire by Muslims who were back from Hajj, while in ancient China, Chinese people started to make tea about 3000 years ago. Because of nice environment and weather, the first part of tea plants was discovered in southwest China. After, drink tea became an important culture of Chinese people, and tea began to spread into countries near China. Coffee and tea are similar, but different in some specific area. First, coffee and tea are similar but different in population. People from all around the world like them. For example, British people used to drink a cup of tea with some snacks when they have a rest in the afternoon. Western people enjoy drinking black tea, and some of them mix it with milk to make milky tea. Likewise, most people like drinking coffee, for it often tastes good. In China, more and more people began to drink coffee, and some of whom want to taste better coffee like blue mountain coffee. However, although these two drinks are both popular around the world, coffee is still drunk most by western people, while the most quantity of tea is used in East Asia. People lived in China, Japan, and Korea regarded tea as the main drink. Second, coffee and tea are similar but different in function. Both coffee and tea can refresh people because there is a kind of chemical matter, which is caffeine in both of them. This chemical matter can be used for nerves to make a person feel awake and lively. Also, some experts said that black coffee and green tea can help a person lose weight. But, in contrast, tea has some more functions due to another kind of chemical matter which can’t be found in coffee. This chemical matter that named tea polyphenol whose ability is to relieve the effect that is made by poison. Finally, coffee and tea have similarity and difference in origination. Both of them are made from plants. Thousands of years ago, people lived in Africa planted coffee trees in succeed, and now, Brazil has the most coffee trees in the world. In south of China, there are a lot of terraced fields that grow tea trees. On the other hand, people use leaves from tea to make tea, while they use fruits from coffee plants to make coffee. To sum up, coffee and tea are similar in their population, function, and origination, while they are different of their use in different place, their different chemical matter, and their different material. I suggest that people should drink both coffee and tea so that they can be healthier.

Wordiness and Redundancy in ACT English Tips and Practice

Wordiness and Redundancy in ACT English Tips and Practice SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips ACT English tests you on a number of specific grammar rules. Being able to understand and apply these rules will help you maximize your ACT English score. Besides knowing specific grammar rules, there are some general strategies to keep in mind that will help you correctly answer more questions. One of these tips is that the ACT prefers shorter sentences. Wordiness and redundancy are common errors on the ACT English section. The goal for each sentence is to express the same information in the shortest grammatically correct way. In this post, I'll do the following: Explain wordiness. Explain redundancy. Show how wordiness and redundancy are tested on the ACT. Provide actual ACT examples. Give practice problems to test you on what you've learned. Wordiness on ACT English On the ACT, wordiness is a grammatical error in which extra words or phrases are added to a sentence unnecessarily. Concise writing is preferable because conciseness makes a sentence more understandable and easier to follow. Wordy sentences can be difficult to navigate and tough to comprehend. On the ACT English section, the shortest grammatically correct answer choice that expresses the same information as the original sentence will be the right answer. Here's an example of a wordy sentence: Allison took me to a party that was a very fun time. This is the corrected version of the sentence: Allison took me to a very fun party. Technically, both sentences are grammatically correct and convey the same information. However, the second sentence is more concise and less wordy. Check out another example of a wordy sentence: I enjoy getting my nourishment by way of fried foods. After we fix the wordiness error, this is what the sentence looks like: I enjoy eating fried foods. Again, the meaning of the sentences is the same, but the second sentence is much more concise and grammatically correct. Check out these tips for correctly answering wordiness questions on the ACT. WordinessStrategy Approach each question with the mindset that shorter = better. When answering ACT English questions, start by looking at the shorter answer choices. Keep in mind that the shorter grammatically correct answer choice must also express the same relevant information for it to be the right answer. Plug your answer back into the original sentence to make sure that your answer is grammatically correct and expresses the same information. Use these tips to answer the following examples taken from actual ACT English sections. Actual ACT English Examples Choose the correct answer for this wordiness question from a real ACT. He then wrote an enthusiastic article for Strand Magazine, being the place in which most of his Sherlock Holmes stories had first appeared, and later wrote a book on the subject titled The Coming of the Fairies. A. NO CHANGEB. in which the magazine where C. in which D. being where Explanation:Even if the original sentence seems correct to you, remember our rule that shorter is better. Start with the shortest answer choice. That would be answer choice C. Plug it back into the original sentence. The sentence is still grammatically correct and all of the relevant info is still there. The phrase â€Å"being the place† is unnecessary. The answer is C. Try your luck at another actual ACT wordiness question. She worked for thirty years as a teacher and librarian in the field of education in Baltimore public schools. Which of the following words or phrases from the preceding sentence is LEAST necessary and could therefore be deleted? F. thirty G. and librarian H. in the field of education J. Baltimore public Explanation: In this type of question, you have to pick which word/phrase can be deleted without getting rid of any information. Go through the answer choices and see if the information in the answer choice can be obtained elsewhere in the sentence. So answer choice F isn’t correct because if we got rid of â€Å"thirty†, we would have no way of knowing that she worked for thirty years. The answer is H. If we got rid of â€Å"in the field of education," we would still know that she worked in the field of education because she worked in Baltimore public schools. Therefore, the phrase â€Å"in the field of education† is unnecessary. Baltimore downtown Are you figuring out how to solve these wordiness questions? Here's a final one for you to try. Over many weeks, as time goes by, her collection slowly grows: clay bowls, cups, vases, and sculptures fill the studio. A. NO CHANGE B. with the passing of time, C. gradually, D. OMIT the underlined portion Explanation: Again, let’s start with the shortest answer. That would be answer choice D, omitting the underlined portion.Is the sentence still grammatically correct? Does it have the same meaning if we omit â€Å"as time goes by?" Yes!! The underlined phrase is unnecessary because â€Å"over many weeks† implies â€Å"as time goes by over many weeks†. Therefore, the underlined phrase is superfluous and the answer is D. Another error which can be corrected by implementing our shorter is better rule is redundancy. Redundancy on the ACT Redundancy questions on the ACT English section are fairly common. If a word or phrase is redundant, it is unnecessary and can be eliminated without altering the meaning of the sentence. On the ACT, redundancy tends to be presented in two ways. The first way is that two synonyms will be used to describe something when only one of the words is necessary. Here is an example: Justin is a very friendly and amicable guy. Because "friendly" and "amicable" are synonyms, we can shorten the sentence by getting rid of one of the adjectives that describes Justin. The second way that a redundancy error is presented on the SAT is that a phrase will be added that is implied by another word or phrase in the sentence. Take a look at the following example: This article contains pertinent information that offers relevant facts for doing well in ACT English. The words "pertinent" and "relevant" are synonyms. The phrase "that offers relevant facts" doesn't add any new information to the sentence; therefore, it can be eliminated. This is the corrected version of the sentence: This article contains pertinent information for doing well in ACT English. Does that make sense? The sentence is shorter, grammatically correct, and it expresses the same information. Here are some tips to help you solve redundancy questions on the ACT. RedundancyStrategy Look at the shortest answer choices first. Plug the shortest answer choice back into the original sentence. If the sentence maintains its meaning and is grammatically correct, that's the right answer. Make sure that two synonyms aren't being used to describe the same thing. Verify that the information in the underlined phrase is not implied elsewhere in the sentence. Use these tips to answer the following redundancy questions taken from real ACTs. Actual ACT English Examples Try to figure out this redundancy question from a real ACT. I think maybe I might possibly have met them all. F. NO CHANGE G. perhaps I've H. I've possibly J. I've Explanation: Well, the underlined phrase indicates that we’re probably dealing with a redundancy question. The words â€Å"might† and â€Å"possibly† are synonyms, so we don’t need both of them. Let’s look at the shortest answer choice. That's J. â€Å"I’ve† is just the contraction for â€Å"I have† so the only change to the sentence is getting rid of â€Å"might possibly." Will the meaning of the sentence change? No. The word â€Å"maybe† indicates that I â€Å"might possibly† have met them. Therefore, â€Å"might possibly† is redundant and the answer is J. Does that make sense? Try another one. Today, Smith's repertoire is so vast that she could speak consecutively for twelve hours straight without running out of material. A. NO CHANGE B. continuously nonstop C. perpetually D. OMIT the underlined portion Explanation: Based on the context of the sentence, â€Å"consecutively† means without stopping. Can that information be gathered elsewhere in the sentence? Yes. The phrase â€Å"for twelve hours straight† means that she could speak for twelve hours without stopping. Therefore, â€Å"consecutively† is unnecessary. Now, let’s look at D, the shortest answer choice. Will the sentence still be grammatically correct if we get rid of â€Å"consecutively†? Yes. The answer is D. Madonna wants you to have one more chance to correctly answer a redundancy question. And just for good measure, here's one final example of a redundancy question. He also began to calculate annual tables of yearly sets of astronomical data, which became the basis for almanacs published under his name from 1792 through 1797. A. NO CHANGE B. covering a year's worth C. about twelve months D. OMIT the underlined portion Explanation: Can the information in the underlined phrase be obtained elsewhere in the sentence? Yes. The word â€Å"annual† means yearly. If there were annual tables of astronomical data, then we already know that there were yearly sets. Therefore, the phrase is unnecessary. The shortest answer choice is D. Will the sentence be grammatically correct if we omit the underlined portion? Yes. The answer is D. These questions aren't overly complicated, but you can easily miss a redundancy question if you don't read each sentence carefully. Make sure to follow the strategies I gave you for redundancy questions. Here are some general guidelines to help you correctly answer both wordiness and redundancy questions. General ACT English Strategies for Wordiness and Redundancy #1: Shorter is Better If the shortest answer choice maintains the meaning of the original sentence and is grammatically correct, then the shortest answer choice will be the right answer. Make sure that the shortest answer choice is still grammatically correct and expresses the same information as the original sentence. #2: Plug in the Shortest Answer Choice First Because shorter is better, determine whether the shortest answer choice is appropriate for the sentence. If a more concise answer choice maintains the meaning of the original sentence and is grammatically correct, then that is the right answer. #3: Determine Whether the Underlined Word/Phrase is Necessary If the information in the underlined word or phrase can be gathered from other words or phrases in the sentence, then the underlined word or phrase is redundant and should be omitted. I've created some realistic practice problems to test your knowledge of wordiness and redundancy on the ACT. Additional ACT English Practice Questions 1. Lauren was spending so many hours at her job at the zoo that her leisure time was minimal and not abundant at all. A. NO CHANGE B. minimal and not abundant. C. at a minimum. D. minimal. 2. In the next two weeks of time in the future, Tarica will be receiving a check for the legal work she performed for her client. A. NO CHANGE B. In the next two weeks of time in the future; C. In the next two weeks, D. OMIT the underlined portion 3. The teacher became increasingly frustrated with the rowdy student who acted in a wild, disorderly manner. A. NO CHANGE B. who acted wildly. C. whom acted wildly. D. OMIT the underlined portion 4. George, after thirty years of work in the automotive industry, was thoroughly overjoyed to retire and no longer go to his job. A. NO CHANGE B. and no longer have to work. C. but no longer have to go to his job. D. OMIT the underlined portion Answers: 1. D, 2. C, 3. D, 4. D What's Next? To get a general overview of all the grammar rules covered on the ACT English section, read this article about grammar for the ACT. If you would like to learn about another frequently tested grammar issue on the ACT, check out this post about faulty modifiers. Also, as you continue preparing for the ACT, I highly recommend that you investigate the best ACT prep websites. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this English lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Analysis of the Influences That Make People Risk Takers

Analysis of the Influences That Make People Risk Takers What Makes People Take Risks? Have you ever felt you are on risk before? If yes, how do you feel at that moment? And would you like to do it again? The answers can be very different for each person. In order to know what the differences are we should know what risk is. Risk is some kind of possibility of suffering harm or loss or a situation involving uncertain danger. From the meaning of risk, people can look at risk in different point of view. Some people dont want to take or to deal with risk at all but some people want to take risks because of many reason; biological factors, getting self-confidence, and getting away from boring life. First of all, people have risk taking instinct, which causes them to deal with any dangerous situation eagerly. This might be due to a dangerous, difficult, and uncertain past that ancestors passed on that made them strong and well trained for taking risks. In the article Taking the Bungee Plunge, Bensimhon (cited in Men’s Health, 1992) mentions the same thing that human being are intrinsic risk takers who survive and who thrive on risks. By this reason, it is obvious that some people want to take risk because they have risk taking instinct. In addition, Israeli scientists have found one kind of gene know as D4DR that influences people’s characteristics. The scientists believe that people who have the gene tend to look for thrills. This kind of gene, D4DR, is also called thrill-seeking gene. (â€Å"For Our Ancestors, Taking Risks Was a Good Bet†, 1999) In other words, the thrill-seeking gene in human is another reason that influenced people to take risk. Secondly, it’s mentioned in the Bensimhon’s article also about how people get confidence after thriving risks. In this case, people have the best moments when their body or mind is stretched to its limits while they are taking risks and after accomplishing it, they feel very confident. In addition, in the article â€Å"Risking Nature†, the author also mentions the same idea that people seek out nature even though it’s dangerous because of a desire for self-reliance. (â€Å"Risking Nature†, 1999) Naturally, people like to have freedom or to be self-reliance, so when they take risks, it’s like they can control their destiny by themselves. For example, when students have a chance to go study abroad, it’s taking a risk because they have to make the decision to come to another country which they have to deal with strangers, a new culture, a new language, and different kinds of food. They can’t meet their family, friends, or girlfrien d/boyfriend. Its a very big difference for them to adapt to everything new in their life. They might be unhappy staying oversea which is a risk. However, they still want to try to get over this risk because they have the wish to reach their goal and to succeed in their education. In addition to the reasons mentioned above, people who take risks also want to get away from their boring life. According to Bower cite in the article â€Å"Going over the Top†, a number of athletes who do the extreme sports is increasing and the reason is to get away from their boring life and to seek something exciting and challenging. The players think adventure sports are relatively safe but worth trying. Also in the article, Douglas says that every day life’s dissatisfaction causes the spread of extreme sports. In conclusion, I think some people take risks because of different reasons based on what that they think or want to get from the risk they are going to take. It could be good for their mental or physical health or maybe both. Doing so should be based on awareness, carefulness and safety of that people. Then no harm will happen to a risk taker.